If carbon-carbon multiple bonds are present in the molecule, they are considered as substituents with a priority (or “seniority”, according to IUPAC) lower than that of amines. Next In Line: Nitrile, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alcohol, Thiol, AmineĪgain, this is not a complete list – we’re cherry picking the most commonly encountered functional groups here. The “seniority rules” continue in the following order, where we are cherry-picking the most common examples. IUPAC goes into way more detail than we need to here. Note that with the exception of sulfonic acids, these are all carboxylic acid derivatives. Highest Priority Groups: Carboxylic Acids, Sulfonic Acids, Esters, Acid Halides, Amides However this really is an example of something you have to either look up, memorize, or have a computer do for you. , although note that there is some correlation between the oxidation state of the carbon and the priority (more oxidized groups tend to be higher priority). However, if a ketone is present with an alcohol (example 3) then we will use the suffix, “-one” because ketones have a higher priority for nomenclature than alcohols. So in example #1 above, the suffix of the molecule will be “-oic acid”, not “-one”, because carboxylic acids are given higher priority. He functional group with the highest priority will be the one which gives its suffix to the name of the molecule. If you have a molecule with, say, a carboxylic acid and a ketone you consult the table. And so, IUPAC (think of the “Ministry of Magic”, but for chemists) has developed one. We need some kind of priority system for nomenclature. What do you do? What suffix do you give the molecule? But then you come across a molecule which has multiple functional groups. You’re familiar with the familiar naming suffixes like -ol, -ene, -ane, -oic acid and so on. Let’s say you’re trying to name a molecule. How To Determine Which Functional Group Has “Priority” For Naming Purposes
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